Specjalistyczny podręcznik Programowania w C

WstępEdytuj

pierwszy przykład

obiektowe-cEdytuj

Objective-C – rozszerzenie języka C o możliwości obiektowe, wzorowane na Smalltalku. Objective-C przyjął drogę całkowicie odmienną od C++. Jest używany głównie w frameworku Cocoa w systemie OS X oraz w iOS.

kompilacja na Ubuntu ^[1]

Programowanie równoległeEdytuj

CPU
1. MIC = CPU z wieloma rdzeniami (SIMD, OpenMP) i koprocesor Xeon Phi
2. pthreads = wątki
3. GNU UPC
4. ispc - Intel SPMD Program Compiler. An open-source compiler for high-performance SIMD programming on the CPU
Procesor Cell i Sony PS3
GPU
1. CUDA
2. OpenCL
3. Cg

Biblioteki, moduły i pakietyEdytuj

Interfejs programistyczny aplikacji (ang. Application Programming Interface, API)Edytuj

standardowe (libc, ...)
pthreads
glib wykorzystywane w GTk i Gnome

StandardyEdytuj

POSIX

Wskazówki POSIX dotyczące składni poleceń

numeryczneEdytuj

GSL
PARI (libpari)
Anant -- Algorithmic 'n Analytic Number Theory by Linas Vepstas
The multiple-digit approach
1. GMP
2. MPFR
3. MPC
4. Flint
5. Arb
  1. arbcmath
the multiple-component approach
1. qd
  1. GQD = qd na GPU
GPU
1. CAMPARY = CudA Multiple Precision ARithmetic librarY Muller-Popescu-Tang presentation
przenośne (ang. portable) = które nie wymagają instalacji:
1. APR

"The multiple-digit approach can representamuch larger range of numbers, whereas the multiple-component approach has the advantage in speed."

GrafikaEdytuj

Grafika^[2]
1. OpenGL oraz Glut, Glew, GLSL ....
2. Gegl
3. libgd = GD Graphics (Draw) Library : sudo apt-get install libgd-dev
4. OpenCV
5. libpng
6. libvips
7. openexr
8. AOMediaCodec libavif Library for encoding and decoding .avif files ( HDR)
9. Gdk-pixbuf Image loading library
10. cairo, pixman
11. Pango - is a library for laying out and rendering of text, with an emphasis on internationalization.
12. GR is a universal framework for cross-platform visualization applications.
13. plplot
14. Heman is a C library of image utilities for dealing with height maps and other floating-point images.
color
1. rgb565 colors by Nic Newdigate
GUI
1. SDL
2. gtk
3. Glut
4. IUP = Portable User Interface
5. SFML = Simple and Fast Multimedia Library
6. Nuklear - 1 file
7. cefapi A simple example on how to use the C API in Chromium Embedded Framework created by Czarek Tomczak.
8. Sokol: Simple STB-style cross-platform libraries for C and C++, written in C by Andre Weissflog ( floooh )
9. Sokol GP. Minimal efficient cross platform 2D graphics painter in pure C using modern graphics API through the excellent Sokol GFX library. Sokol GP, or in short SGP, stands for Sokol Graphics Painter by Eduardo Bart edubart
10. lcui
11. webview
12. raygui A simple and easy-to-use immediate-mode gui library

Wczytywanie obrazu z użyciem stb_image^[3]

 

#include <stdint.h>

#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include "stb_image.h"

int main() {
    int width, height, bpp;

    uint8_t* rgb_image = stbi_load("image.png", &width, &height, &bpp, 3);

    stbi_image_free(rgb_image);

    return 0;
}

Tworzenie obrazu z użyciem stb_image

 
#include <stdint.h>

#define STB_IMAGE_WRITE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include "stb_image_write.h"

#define CHANNEL_NUM 3

int main() {
    int width = 800; 
    int height = 800;

    uint8_t* rgb_image;
    rgb_image = malloc(width*height*CHANNEL_NUM);

    // Write your code to populate rgb_image here

    stbi_write_png("image.png", width, height, CHANNEL_NUM, rgb_image, width*CHANNEL_NUM);

    return 0;
}

dźwiękEdytuj

libsoundio - biblioteka c do obsługi dźwięku

 
#include <soundio/soundio.h>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>

static const float PI = 3.1415926535f;
static float seconds_offset = 0.0f;
static void write_callback(struct SoundIoOutStream *outstream,
        int frame_count_min, int frame_count_max)
{
    const struct SoundIoChannelLayout *layout = &outstream->layout;
    float float_sample_rate = outstream->sample_rate;
    float seconds_per_frame = 1.0f / float_sample_rate;
    struct SoundIoChannelArea *areas;
    int frames_left = frame_count_max;
    int err;

    while (frames_left > 0) {
        int frame_count = frames_left;

        if ((err = soundio_outstream_begin_write(outstream, &areas, &frame_count))) {
            fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", soundio_strerror(err));
            exit(1);
        }

        if (!frame_count)
            break;

        float pitch = 440.0f;
        float radians_per_second = pitch * 2.0f * PI;
        for (int frame = 0; frame < frame_count; frame += 1) {
            float sample = sin((seconds_offset + frame * seconds_per_frame) * radians_per_second);
            for (int channel = 0; channel < layout->channel_count; channel += 1) {
                float *ptr = (float*)(areas[channel].ptr + areas[channel].step * frame);
                *ptr = sample;
            }
        }
        seconds_offset = fmod(seconds_offset + seconds_per_frame * frame_count, 1.0);

        if ((err = soundio_outstream_end_write(outstream))) {
            fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", soundio_strerror(err));
            exit(1);
        }

        frames_left -= frame_count;
    }
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    int err;
    struct SoundIo *soundio = soundio_create();
    if (!soundio) {
        fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
        return 1;
    }

    if ((err = soundio_connect(soundio))) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error connecting: %s\n", soundio_strerror(err));
        return 1;
    }

    soundio_flush_events(soundio);

    int default_out_device_index = soundio_default_output_device_index(soundio);
    if (default_out_device_index < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "no output device found\n");
        return 1;
    }

    struct SoundIoDevice *device = soundio_get_output_device(soundio, default_out_device_index);
    if (!device) {
        fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
        return 1;
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "Output device: %s\n", device->name);

    struct SoundIoOutStream *outstream = soundio_outstream_create(device);
    if (!outstream) {
        fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
        return 1;
    }
    outstream->format = SoundIoFormatFloat32NE;
    outstream->write_callback = write_callback;

    if ((err = soundio_outstream_open(outstream))) {
        fprintf(stderr, "unable to open device: %s", soundio_strerror(err));
        return 1;
    }

    if (outstream->layout_error)
        fprintf(stderr, "unable to set channel layout: %s\n", soundio_strerror(outstream->layout_error));

    if ((err = soundio_outstream_start(outstream))) {
        fprintf(stderr, "unable to start device: %s\n", soundio_strerror(err));
        return 1;
    }

    for (;;)
        soundio_wait_events(soundio);

    soundio_outstream_destroy(outstream);
    soundio_device_unref(device);
    soundio_destroy(soundio);
    return 0;
}

DebugowanieEdytuj

gdb
backtrace
1. libc backtrace ^[4]
2. libunwind^[5]
3. Postmortem Debugging ^[6]
4. nanolat ^[7]
5. stck trace ^[8]
6. Stack unwinding (stack trace) with GCC^[9]

Dodatkowe materiałyEdytuj

Programowanie w języku C - Artur Pyszczuk^[10]
Learn C The Hard Way
c source examples
Sams Teach Yourself C in 24 Hours by Tony Zhang
C Programming Boot Camp by Paul Gribble
devdoc - c
C Programming Language Basics by Chua Hock-Chuan
stackoverflow c doc

ŹródłaEdytuj

[1] stackoverflow :compiling-objective-c-on-ubuntu-using-gcc

[2] stackoverflow question: graphics-library-in-c

[3] stackoverflow question: reading-an-image-file-in-c

[4] trace

[5] unwind

[6] Postmortem Debugging by Stefan Wörthmüller

[7] t by Kangmo Kim

[8] Catching Exceptions and Printing Stack Traces for C on Windows, Linux, & Mac BY: JOB VRANISH

[9] Stack unwinding (stack trace) with GCC

[10] Programowanie w języku C - Artur Pyszczuk

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Programowanie w systemie UNIX/C

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